Fighting has escalated in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) despite an August ceasefire brokered by Angola. The clashes involve the M23 rebel group, the Congolese army, and pro-government militias, particularly in North Kivu province’s Lubero and Masisi territories. Over the past week, the violence has intensified, displacing thousands and exacerbating an already dire humanitarian crisis.

The M23, a predominantly Tutsi group, resurfaced in late 2021, claiming to defend its community against persecution. Since then, it has seized significant territory, including areas surrounding the strategic city of Goma, displacing over 450,000 people. According to the United Nations, 6.9 million people are displaced across the DRC due to decades of conflict.

Rwanda has been accused by the Congolese government and the United Nations of backing the M23—a claim Rwanda denies. “We are not concerned in any way by the agreement between the DRC and Rwanda,” said an M23 spokesperson on Thursday, reflecting the group’s skepticism towards ongoing peace efforts.

Recent fighting has shifted north to Lubero territory, with both sides accusing each other of initiating hostilities. The Congolese army reported reinforcements arriving on both sides, heightening fears of further escalation. “Displaced people began flocking on Monday to Kitsambiro, north of the combat zone,” said Lubero territory administrator Colonel Alain Kiwewa.

Despite the ceasefire violations, diplomatic efforts continue. Angolan mediation has kept dialogue open, with Rwandan President Paul Kagame and DRC President Félix Tshisekedi scheduled to meet on December 15 in Luanda. However, local sources report mounting skepticism about the peace process’s effectiveness.

International organizations, including the United Nations and African Union, have called for de-escalation, while regional bodies like the East African Community (EAC) have deployed peacekeeping forces. The U.S. has also imposed sanctions on key individuals linked to the conflict. However, these measures have yet to yield significant progress on the ground.

The situation highlights the need for long-term solutions addressing ethnic tensions, resource disputes, and governance failures. Meanwhile, the lives of civilians remain at risk as violence continues unabated in the region.